The Philippines, Malaysia and Vietnam all rejected the map in strongly worded statements.
“This latest attempt to legitimize China’s purported sovereignty and jurisdiction over Philippine features and maritime zones has no basis under international law,” the Philippine Foreign Ministry said Thursday.
The ministry called on China to “act responsibly and abide by its obligations” under international law as well as a 2016 ruling by an international tribunal in The Hague rejecting Beijing’s South China Sea claims. China, which did not participate in the tribunal’s proceedings, has never accepted the ruling.
Unlike most recent Chinese maps that encircle the South China Sea with a “nine-dash line,” the line on the new map has 10 dashes, although China has used the 10-dash line in the past.
The 10th dash appears to the east of Taiwan, a self-governing island democracy that Beijing claims as its territory. The Taiwan Foreign Ministry reiterated this week that Taiwan is not a part of China.
“No matter how the Chinese government twists its position on Taiwan’s sovereignty, it cannot change the objective fact of our country’s existence,” ministry spokesperson Jeff Liu said at a news briefing.
The Chinese Foreign Ministry said Thursday that Beijing’s position on the South China Sea was “consistent and clear.”
“The competent authorities of China routinely publish standard maps of various types every year,” ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin said at a regular news briefing in Beijing on Thursday.
“We hope parties concerned can view it in an objective and rational light,” he added.
Earlier this week, India also said it had lodged a strong protest with China over the map, which lays claim to the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh as well as the Aksai Chin plateau, a disputed area in the western Himalayas that is claimed by India but controlled by China.
The Indian foreign ministry said the map would only complicate efforts to resolve the deadly border dispute, which Chinese President Xi Jinping and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi agreed to intensify only last week.
The map’s publication comes less than two weeks before India hosts the annual summit of the Group of 20, whose members include China. It is unclear whether Xi will attend, a Biden administration official told NBC News on Thursday.
Disputes over the South China Sea go far beyond maps, with the Philippines and China clashing this month over an incident in which China blocked and fired water cannons at Philippine vessels in the waterway.
China has also built on disputed islands, intimidated fishermen and harassed planes and ships from the U.S. and elsewhere whose “freedom of navigation” operations it says threaten Chinese sovereignty.
Rothwell said the timing of the map’s publication was “significant,” coming less than a month after China’s clash with the Philippines, which fueled debate over the legitimacy of any dashed-line map from China and prompted renewed expressions of international support for the 2016 tribunal ruling.
“We now have China reasserting its position and possibly seeking to expand its position, especially with respect to Taiwan,” he said.
The timing is especially significant, he said, because members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations — including the Philippines, Malaysia and Vietnam — are meeting for a summit in Indonesia next week. China and ASEAN have been negotiating a code of conduct for the South China Sea.
Controversies over maps are not uncommon in Asia, where governments are quick to push back against anything that could be seen as legitimizing Beijing’s territorial claims.
In July, the movie “Barbie” was banned in Vietnam over a scene featuring a map that included what film censors said was the nine-dash line. Warner Bros., the studio behind the film, defended the map — whose line is made up of eight dashes — as a “child-like crayon drawing” and said it was not intended as a political statement.
The film review board in the Philippines disagreed with Vietnam’s interpretation, allowing the movie to be screened.
